@article{2847,
  keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Bone Substitutes, Bone Transplantation, Cartilage, Craniofacial Abnormalities, Female, Humans, leprosy, Male, Middle Aged, Nasal Bone, Nasal Septum, Nose, Nose Deformities, Acquired, Rhinoplasty, Rotation, Skull Fractures, Syphilis, Treatment Outcome},
  author = {Graper C and Milne M and Stevens M R},
  title = {The traumatic saddle nose deformity: etiology and treatment.},
  abstract = {<p>The saddle nose resembles a saddle, i.e., with a concave, often flattened dorsum and an apparent cephalic rotation of the nasal tip. The concavity may be present in the osseous or cartilaginous dorsum, or both. The saddle nose deformity can be divided into congenital, postinfection, postsurgical, and traumatic types. Congenital saddle nose deformity is rare, often accompanying midfacial deficiency malformation syndromes. The advent of antimicrobial therapy has helped restrict the incidence of syphilitic or leprotic saddle nose to the nonindustrialized nations. Postsurgical saddle nose deformity occurs most often as a result of the overzealous septorhinoplasty. The most common type of saddle nose deformity may be traumatic. The authors use Kazanjian and Converse's characterization of the true saddle nose as one in which the bony and/or cartilaginous portions are depressed and the projection of the nose is generally preserved. This article describes the saddle nose deformity and its etiology and proposes a management technique with minimal complications.</p>},
  year = {1996},
  journal = {The Journal of cranio-maxillofacial trauma},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {37-49; discussion 50-1},
  month = {1996 Spring},
  issn = {1074-3219},
  language = {eng},
}