@article{8285,
  keywords = {Administration, Inhalation, Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial, BCG Vaccine, Bacterial Vaccines, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, Cell Proliferation, Cytokines, Immunoglobulin A, Injections, Subcutaneous, Lymphocytes, Macrophages, Macrophages, Alveolar, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, Vaccines, Attenuated, Vaccines, Inactivated},
  author = {Gupta A and Geetha N and Mani J and Upadhyay P and Katoch V M and Natrajan M and Gupta U D and Bhaskar S},
  title = {Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of "Mycobacterium w" against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice immunized with live versus heat-killed M. w by the aerosol or parenteral route.},
  abstract = {<p>As the disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to be a burden, there is a concerted effort to find new vaccines to combat this problem. One of the important vaccine strategies is whole bacterial vaccines. This approach relies on multiple antigens and built-in adjuvanticity. Other mycobacterial strains which share cross-reactive antigens with M. tuberculosis have been considered as alternatives to M. bovis for vaccine use. One such strain, "Mycobacterium w", had been evaluated for its immunomodulatory properties in leprosy. A vaccine against leprosy based on killed M. w is approved for human use, where it has resulted in clinical improvement, accelerated bacterial clearance, and increased immune responses to Mycobacterium leprae antigens. M. w shares antigens not only with M. leprae but also with M. tuberculosis, and initial studies have shown that vaccination with killed M. w induces protection against tuberculosis in Mycobacterium bovis BCG responder, as well as BCG nonresponder, strains of mice. Hence, we further studied the protective potential of M. w and the underlying immune responses in the mouse model of tuberculosis. We analyzed the protective efficacy of M. w immunization in both live and killed forms through the parenteral route and by aerosol immunization, compared with that of BCG. Our findings provide evidence that M. w has potential protective efficacy against M. tuberculosis. M. w activates macrophage activity, as well as lymphocytes. M. w immunization by both the parenteral route and aerosol administration gives higher protection than BCG given by the parenteral route in the mouse model of tuberculosis.</p>},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Infection and immunity},
  volume = {77},
  pages = {223-31},
  month = {2009 Jan},
  issn = {1098-5522},
  doi = {10.1128/IAI.00526-08},
  language = {eng},
}