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Mycobacterium leprae is the cause of leprosy, a chronic infectious disease that mostly affects peripheral nerves. Early diagnosis and treatment of leprosy can avoid impairment as it is a curable illness. Since December 2009, Nepal has successfully eliminated leprosy as a public health problem, with a declaration of complete elimination in 2010. Eleven local levels in Nepal's Jhapa district have a high prevalence of leprosy (more than one case per 10,000 populations) 13 years after the disease was declared. To eliminate leprosy locally, immediate actions that must be taken include quality health services, active case surveillance, identification, and management.

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