01795nas a2200169   4500000000100000008004100001653001300042653001500055653001300070653001400083653001200097100001900109700001500128245014700143490000700290520132800297       2014                            d10aThailand10aIndicators10aChildren10adiagnosis10aleprosy1 aManitsirikul S1 aToutchon Y00aTen Years Retrospective Epidemiological Study in Targetting Districts of Chaiyapum Province with Active Transmission of Leprosy from 2002-20110 v203 aAuthors have conducted a retrospective epidemiological study on the occurrence and the detection of new cases of leprosy in eight targeting districts of Chaiyapum province where the results of the rapid village surveys and leprosy situation in 2012 showing the criteria as indicating active and recent transmission of leprosy, particularly the criteria on findings of children among newly detected cases and annual detection of new cases of leprosy during previous 5 year. Following such criteria’s, authors have designed their study by using three mains indications to measure the extent of active and recent transmission of leprosy during the first five tears from 2002-2006 and the second from 2007-2011 which equivalent to the incubation period of leprosy from 3-5 years. Such three annual indicators are (1) number of new detected cases of leprosy (2) number of children among new cases of leprosy and (3) number of new cases with grade 2 deformities which were measured and compared in order to be used for proving then assumption on the presence of active and recent transmission of leprosy in accordance with incubation period of 3-5 years. In addition, authors have made related discussions and recommendations for more effective achievement of sustainable elimination of leprosy under low endemic condition.