02253nas a2200265   4500000000100000008004100001653001200042653002000054653001500074653001400089100001200103700001900115700001400134700001400148700001600162700001400178700001800192700001300210700001600223700001500239700001400254245013800268520156700406022001401973       2015                            d10aleprosy10aDendritic Cells10aMacrophage10aVitamin D1 aLyrio E1 aCampos-Souza I1 aCorrêa C1 aLechuga G1 aVerícimo M1 aCastro HC1 aBourguignon S1 aFaria SC1 aRatcliffe N1 aDeclercq W1 aSantos DO00aInteraction of Mycobacterium leprae with the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line: New frontiers in the cellular immunology of leprosy.3 a<p>Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae affecting the skin and peripheral nerves. Despite M. leprae invasion of the skin and keratinocytes importance in innate immunity, the interaction of these cells in vitro during M. leprae infection is poorly understood. Conventional and fuorescence optical microscopy, transmission electronic microscopy, flow cytometry and ELISA were used to study the in vitro interaction of M. leprae with the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line. Keratinocytes uptake of M. leprae is described, and modulation of the surface expression of CD80 and CD209, cathelicidin expression and TNFα and IL1β production of human keratinocytes are compared with dendritic cells and macrophages during M. leprae interaction. This study demonstrated that M. leprae interaction with human keratinocytes enhanced expression of cathelicidin and greatly increased TNFα production. The highest spontaneous expression of cathelicidin was by dendritic cells which are less susceptible to M. leprae infection. In contrast, keratinocytes displayed low spontaneous cathelicidin expression and were more susceptible to M. leprae infection than dendritic cells. The results show, for the first time, an active role for keratinocytes during infection by irradiated whole cells of M. leprae and the effect of Vitamin D on this process. They also suggest that therapies which target cathelicidin modulation may provide novel approaches for treatment of leprosy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.</p>
  a1600-0625