02612nas a2200301   4500000000100000008004100001653001100042653001200053653000800065653001400073653001700087100002100104700001600125700001200141700001400153700001500167700001300182700001200195700001200207700001200219700001400231245012700245856008000372300001300452490000700465520182400472022001402296       2016                            d10aUlcers10aLesions10aHIV10adiagnosis10aBuruli ulcer1 aToutous Trellu L1 aNkemenang P1 aComte E1 aEhounou G1 aAtangana P1 aMboua DJ1 aRusch B1 aTabah E1 aEtard J1 aMueller Y00aDifferential diagnosis of skin ulcers in a mycobacterium ulcerans endemic area: Data from a prospective study in Cameroon.  uhttp://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0004385  ae00043850 v103 a<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Clinical diagnosis of Buruli ulcer (BU) due to Mycobacterium ulcerans can be challenging. We aimed to specify the differential diagnosis of skin lesions in a BU endemic area.</p>

<p><strong>METHOD: </strong>We conducted a prospective diagnostic study in Akonolinga, Cameroon. Patients presenting with a skin ulcer suspect of BU were included. M. ulcerans was detected using swabs for Ziehl-Neelsen staining, PCR and culture. Skin punch biopsies were taken and reviewed by two histopathologists. Photographs of the lesions were taken and independently reviewed by two dermatologists. Final diagnosis was based on consensus, combining the results of laboratory tests and expert opinion.</p>

<p><strong>RESULTS/ DISCUSSION: </strong>Between October 2011 and December 2013, 327 patients with ulcerative lesions were included. Median age was 37 years (0 to 87), 65% were males, and 19% HIV-positive. BU was considered the final diagnosis for 27% of the lesions, 85% of which had at least one positive laboratory test. Differential diagnoses were vascular lesions (22%), bacterial infections (21%), post-traumatic (8%), fistulated osteomyelitis (6%), neoplasia (5%), inflammatory lesions (3%), hemopathies and other systemic diseases (2%) and others (2%). The proportion of BU was similar between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients (27.0% vs. 26.5%; p = 0.940). Half of children below 15 years of age were diagnosed with BU, compared to 26.8% and 13.9% among individuals 15 to 44 years of age and above, respectively (chi2 p&lt;0.001). Children had more superficial bacterial infections (24.3%) and osteomyelitis (11.4%).</p>

<p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>We described differential diagnosis of skin lesions in a BU endemic area, stratifying results by age and HIV-status.</p>
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