02293nas a2200313   4500000000100000008004100001653001200042653001000054653002500064653001700089653001800106653001600124653001100140100001600151700001500167700001400182700001600196700001400212700001600226700001400242700001300256700001300269245013900282856007300421300001200494490000800506520145100514022001401965       2017                            d10aleprosy10awater10aMycobacterium leprae10aTransmission10aWater sources10aEnvironment10aBrazil1 aArraes MLBM1 aHolanda MV1 aLima LNGC1 aSabadia JAB1 aDuarte CR1 aAlmeida RLF1 aKendall C1 aKerr LRS1 aFrota CC00aNatural environmental water sources in endemic regions of northeastern Brazil are potential reservoirs of viable Mycobacterium leprae.  uhttp://www.scielo.br/pdf/mioc/v112n12/0074-0276-mioc-112-12-0805.pdf  a805-8110 v1123 a<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>The detection of live Mycobacterium leprae in soil and animals other than humans suggests that the environment plays a role in the transmission of leprosy.</p>

<p><strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of viable M. leprae in natural water sources used by the local population in five municipalities in the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil.</p>

<p><strong>METHODS: </strong>Samples were collected from 30 different sources. Viable bacilli were identified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the M. leprae gyrA gene and sequencing of the PCR products. Physicochemical properties of each water source were also assessed.</p>

<p><strong>FINDINGS: </strong>M. leprae gyrA mRNA was found in 23 (76.7%) of the water sources. No association was found between depth of the water and sample positivity, nor was there any association between the type of water used by the population and sample positivity. An association between viable M. leprae and temperature and pH was found. Georeferencing showed a relation between the residences of leprosy cases and water source containing the bacterium.</p>

<p><strong>MAIN CONCLUSIONS: </strong>The finding of viable M. leprae in natural water sources associated with human contact suggests that the environment plays an important role in maintaining endemic leprosy in the study region.</p>
  a1678-8060