02656nas a2200325   4500000000100000008004100001653001300042653001700055653003100072653002500103653001200128653003100140653003700171653001600208100001400224700001200238700001400250700001300264700001400277700001300291700001300304700001600317700001200333245010800345856008000453300000800533490000600541520176900547022001402316       2018                            d10aVaccines10aTuberculosis10aMycobacterium tuberculosis10aMycobacterium leprae10aleprosy10aHybrid recombinant protein10aearly secretory antigenic target10aAntigen 85B1 aCoppola M1 aEeden S1 aRobbins N1 aWilson L1 aFranken K1 aAdams LW1 aGillis T1 aOttenhoff T1 aGeluk A00aVaccines for leprosy and tuberculosis: Opportunities for shared research, development, and application.  uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5834475/pdf/fimmu-09-00308.pdf  a3080 v93 a<p>Tuberculosis (TB) and leprosy still represent significant public health challenges, especially in low- and lower middle-income countries. Both poverty-related mycobacterial diseases require better tools to improve disease control. For leprosy, there has been an increased emphasis on developing tools for improved detection of infection and early diagnosis of disease. For TB, there has been a similar emphasis on such diagnostic tests, while increased research efforts have also focused on the development of new vaccines. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only available TB vaccine, provides insufficient and inconsistent protection to pulmonary TB in adults. The impact of BCG on leprosy, however, is significant, and the introduction of new TB vaccines that might replace BCG could, therefore, have serious impact also on leprosy. Given the similarities in antigenic makeup between the pathogens() and, it is well possible, however, that new TB vaccines could cross-protect against leprosy. New TB subunit vaccines currently evaluated in human phase I and II studies indeed often contain antigens with homologs in. In this review, we discuss pre-clinical studies and clinical trials of subunit or whole mycobacterial vaccines for TB and leprosy and reflect on the development of vaccines that could provide protection against both diseases. Furthermore, we provide the first preclinical evidence of such cross-protection byantigen 85B (Ag85B)-early secretory antigenic target (ESAT6) fusion recombinant proteins inmouse models ofandinfection. We propose that preclinical integration and harmonization of TB and leprosy research should be considered and included in global strategies with respect to cross-protective vaccine research and development.</p>
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