01765nas a2200253   4500000000100000008004100001260001200042653000800054653001100062653001600073653001600089653001800105653001700123653001700140653001300157100001200170700001500182245008400197856008000281300000800361490000700369520112100376022001401497       2020                            d  c01/202010aCD110aT cell10adiagnostics10aglycolipids10alipid antigen10amycobacteria10atuberculosis10avaccines1 aJames C1 aSeshadri C00aT Cell Responses to Mycobacterial Glycolipids: On the Spectrum of "Innateness".  uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7026021/pdf/fimmu-11-00170.pdf  a1700 v113 a<p>Diseases due to mycobacteria, including tuberculosis, leprosy, and Buruli ulcer, rank among the top causes of death and disability worldwide. Animal studies have revealed the importance of T cells in controlling these infections. However, the specific antigens recognized by T cells that confer protective immunity and their associated functions remain to be definitively established. T cells that respond to mycobacterial peptide antigens exhibit classical features of adaptive immunity and have been well-studied in humans and animal models. Recently, innate-like T cells that recognize lipid and metabolite antigens have also been implicated. Specifically, T cells that recognize mycobacterial glycolipid antigens (mycolipids) have been shown to confer protection to tuberculosis in animal models and share some biological characteristics with adaptive and innate-like T cells. Here, we review the existing data suggesting that mycolipid-specific T cells exist on a spectrum of "innateness," which will influence how they can be leveraged to develop new diagnostics and vaccines for mycobacterial diseases.</p>  a1664-3224