02515nas a2200301   4500000000100000008004100001260001200042653001600054653003000070653003200100653002400132653003300156653003200189100001300221700001000234700001700244700001700261700001400278700001300292700001700305700001400322245010900336856007000445300001100515490000700526520166600533022001402199       2021                            d  c09/202110aEnvenomings10aMedically relevant snakes10aNeglected Tropical Diseases10aSnakebite incidence10aSpatio-temporal epidemiology10aSpecies distribution models1 aPintor A1 aRay N1 aLongbottom J1 aBravo-Vega C1 aYousefi M1 aMurray K1 aEdiriweera D1 aDiggle PJ00aAddressing the global snakebite crisis with geo-spatial analyses - Recent advances and future direction.  uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8350508/pdf/main.pdf  a1000760 v113 a<p>Venomous snakebite is a neglected tropical disease that annually leads to hundreds of thousands of deaths or long-term physical and mental ailments across the developing world. Insufficient data on spatial variation in snakebite risk, incidence, human vulnerability, and accessibility of medical treatment contribute substantially to ineffective on-ground management. There is an urgent need to collect data, fill knowledge gaps and address on-ground management problems. The use of novel, and transdisciplinary approaches that take advantage of recent advances in spatio-temporal models, 'big data', high performance computing, and fine-scale spatial information can add value to snakebite management by strategically improving our understanding and mitigation capacity of snakebite. We review the background and recent advances on the topic of snakebite related geospatial analyses and suggest avenues for priority research that will have practical on-ground applications for snakebite management and mitigation. These include streamlined, targeted data collection on snake distributions, snakebites, envenomings, venom composition, health infrastructure, and antivenom accessibility along with fine-scale models of spatio-temporal variation in snakebite risk and incidence, intraspecific venom variation, and environmental change modifying human exposure. These measures could improve and 'future-proof' antivenom production methods, antivenom distribution and stockpiling systems, and human-wildlife conflict management practices, while simultaneously feeding into research on venom evolution, snake taxonomy, ecology, biogeography, and conservation.</p>  a2590-1710