03284nas a2200313   4500000000100000008004100001260001200042100001200054700001400066700001400080700001300094700001900107700001100126700001800137700001300155700001400168700001300182700001100195700001600206700001500222700001200237700001500249245011800264856009900382300001300481490000700494520245500501022001402956       2022                            d  c10/20221 aEllen F1 aTielens K1 aFenenga C1 aMieras L1 aSchoenmakers A1 aArif M1 aVeldhuijzen N1 aPeters R1 aIgnotti E1 aKasang C1 aQuao B1 aSteinmann P1 aBanstola N1 aOraga J1 aBudiawan T00aImplementation approaches for leprosy prevention with single-dose rifampicin: A support tool for decision making.  uhttps://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010792&type=printable  ae00107920 v163 a<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the past 15 years, the decline in annually detected leprosy patients has stagnated. To reduce the transmission of Mycobacterium leprae, the World Health Organization recommends single-dose rifampicin (SDR) as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for contacts of leprosy patients. Various approaches to administer SDR-PEP have been piloted. However, requirements and criteria to select the most suitable approach were missing. The aims of this study were to develop an evidence-informed decision tool to support leprosy programme managers in selecting an SDR-PEP implementation approach, and to assess its user-friendliness among stakeholders without SDR-PEP experience.</p>

<p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The development process comprised two phases. First, a draft tool was developed based on a literature review and semi-structured interviews with experts from various countries, organisations and institutes. This led to: an overview of existing SDR-PEP approaches and their characteristics; understanding the requirements and best circumstances for these approaches; and, identification of relevant criteria to select an approach. In the second phase the tool's usability and applicability was assessed, through interviews and a focus group discussion with intended, inexperienced users; leprosy programme managers and non-governmental organization (NGO) staff.</p>

<p><strong>Principal Findings: </strong>Five SDR-PEP implementation approaches were identified. The levels of endemicity and stigma, and the accessibility of an area were identified as most relevant criteria to select an approach. There was an information gap on cost-effectiveness, while successful implementation depends on availability of resources. Five basic requirements, irrespective of the approach, were identified: stakeholder support; availability of medication; compliant health system; trained health staff; and health education. Two added benefits of the tool were identified: its potential value for advocacy and for training.</p>

<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An evidence-informed SDR-PEP decision tool to support the selection of implementation approaches for leprosy prevention was developed. While the tool was evaluated by potential users, more research is needed to further improve the tool, especially health-economic studies, to ensure efficient and cost-effective implementation of SDR-PEP.</p>

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