02276nas a2200265   4500000000100000008004100001260001200042653001500054653001400069653002200083653001400105100001600119700001400135700001500149700001500164700001600179700001200195700001300207245010900220856008500329300000900414490000700423520156600430022001401996       2023                            d  c12/202310atratamento10aAutophagy10aLeprosy reactions10axenophagy1 aCerqueira D1 aPereira A1 ada Costa A1 ade Souza T1 aFernandes M1 aSouto F1 aSantos P00aXenophagy as a Strategy for  Elimination during Type 1 or Type 2 Leprosy Reactions: A Systematic Review.  uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10747110/pdf/pathogens-12-01455.pdf  a1-140 v123 a<p><strong>Background: </strong> is an intracellular bacillus that causes leprosy, a neglected disease that affects macrophages and Schwann cells. Leprosy reactions are acute inflammatory responses to mycobacterial antigens, classified as type1 (T1R), a predominant cellular immune response, or type2 (T2R), a humoral phenomenon, leading to a high number of bacilli in infected cells and nerve structures. Xenophagy is a type of selective autophagy that targets intracellular bacteria for lysosomal degradation; however, its immune mechanisms during leprosy reactions are still unclear. This review summarizes the relationship between the autophagic process and elimination during leprosy reactions.</p>

<p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three databases, PubMed/Medline (n = 91), Scopus (n = 73), and ScienceDirect (n = 124), were searched. After applying the eligibility criteria, articles were selected for independent peer reviewers in August 2023.</p>

<p><strong>Results: </strong>From a total of 288 studies retrieved, eight were included. In multibacillary (MB) patients who progressed to T1R, xenophagy blockade and increased inflammasome activation were observed, with IL-1β secretion before the reactional episode occurrence. On the other hand, recent data actually observed increased IL-15 levels before the reaction began, as well as IFN-γ production and xenophagy induction.</p>

<p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our search results showed a dichotomy in the T1R development and their relationship with xenophagy. No T2R studies were found.</p>
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