02128nas a2200205   4500000000100000008004100001260001200042653001700054653002600071653001200097100001600109700001200125700001300137700001600150245010300166300001000269490000700279520162200286022001401908       2024                            d  c01/202410aMycobacteria10aAntibiotic resistance10abiofilm1 aAbulimiti A1 aQi-Ao Z1 aPei-Bo L1 aJian-Ping X00aRegulation of Mycobacterium biofilm development and novel measures against antibiotics resistance.  a34-450 v463 a<p>Currently, there are over 170 recognized species of Mycobacterium, the only genus in the family Mycobacteriaceae. Organisms belonging to this genus are quite diverse with respect to their ability to cause disease in humans. The Mycobacterium genus includes human pathogens (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium leprae) and environmental microorganisms known as non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM). A common pathogenic factor of Mycobacterium is the formation of biofilms. Bacterial biofilms are usually defined as bacterial communities attached to the surface, and are also considered as shared spaces of encapsulated microbial cells, including various extracellular polymeric substrates (EPS), such as polysaccharides, proteins, amyloid proteins, lipids, and extracellular DNA (EDNA), as well as membrane vesicles and humic like microorganisms derived refractory substances. The assembly and dynamics of the matrix are mainly coordinated by second messengers, signaling molecules, or small RNAs. Fully deciphering how bacteria provide structure for the matrix, thereby promoting extracellular reactions and benefiting from them, remains a challenge for future biofilm research. This review introduces a five step development model for biofilms and a new model for biofilm formation, analyses the pathogenicity of biofilms, their interactions with bacteriophages and host immune cells, and the key genes and regulatory networks of mycobacterial biofilms, as well as mycobacterial biofilms and drug resistance, in order to provide a basis for clinical treatment of diseases caused by biofilms.</p>
  a0253-9772