02073nas a2200253   4500000000100000008004100001260001200042653003000054653001200084653001500096653001500111100001300126700001600139700001600155700001200171700001600183700001400199245009200213856006300305300000800368490000700376520142200383022001401805       2024                            d  c04/202410aAntiphospholipid Syndrome10aleprosy10aThrombosis10aVasculitis1 aKolahi S1 aGhadakchi L1 aSarmadian A1 aAzimi H1 aJafarpour M1 aKhalaji A00aChallenging in leprosy relapse with antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis: A case report.  uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ccr3.8705  a1-60 v123 a<p><strong>Key clinical message: </strong>Infectious diseases like leprosy can cause antiphospholipid antibodies, leading to blood clots. Clinicians should consider this for patients with unusual thrombotic events and prior infectious disease history.</p>

<p><strong>Abstract:&nbsp;</strong>This case report details the diagnostic challenge of a 42-year-old man with a history of treated leprosy who presented with clinical features suggestive of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Vascular angiography revealed thrombosis, and serological tests were positive for APS antibodies. However, the patient subsequently developed symptoms, including thenar atrophy, paresthesia, and hypopigmented skin patches, which prompted further investigation. Electromyography detected sensorimotor polyneuropathy, while a nerve biopsy indicated a resurgence or chronic presence of leprosy. Despite initial APS management, the case evolved into a leprosy relapse confirmation after 20 years of remission, underscoring the diagnostic intricacies when concurrent autoimmune antibodies and infectious disease manifestations are present. This report emphasizes the importance of considering a broad differential diagnosis, including the potential for infectious disease relapse, in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. It illustrates the necessity of an interdisciplinary treatment approach in complex clinical scenarios.</p>
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