This chapter discusses adverse effects of drugs used in tuberculosis and leprosy. Hepatotoxicity is consistently the most common serious adverse reaction in patients taking treatment for tuberculosis. Acneiform eruptions are reported in patients treated for pulmonary tuberculosis. The incidence of adverse reactions to drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis is higher in elderly patients, who are more likely to have intercurrent illness and a lower lean body mass than younger patients. Overdosage of isoniazid can cause acute neurotoxicity, which may present with seizures, metabolic acidosis, and coma. Patients are usually symptomatic within 45 min of ingestion of an overdose of isoniazid, but symptoms may be delayed for up to 2 h, by which time peak absorption occurs. With the resurgence of pulmonary tuberculosis the availability of isoniazid for accidental or deliberate self harm is increased. Parenteral pyridoxine should be readily available in emergency facilities that serve communities in which isoniazid overdosage is likely.
BT - Side Effects of Drugs Annual DO - 10.1016/s0378-6080(05)80392-7 LA - ENG M3 - Book Chapter N2 -This chapter discusses adverse effects of drugs used in tuberculosis and leprosy. Hepatotoxicity is consistently the most common serious adverse reaction in patients taking treatment for tuberculosis. Acneiform eruptions are reported in patients treated for pulmonary tuberculosis. The incidence of adverse reactions to drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis is higher in elderly patients, who are more likely to have intercurrent illness and a lower lean body mass than younger patients. Overdosage of isoniazid can cause acute neurotoxicity, which may present with seizures, metabolic acidosis, and coma. Patients are usually symptomatic within 45 min of ingestion of an overdose of isoniazid, but symptoms may be delayed for up to 2 h, by which time peak absorption occurs. With the resurgence of pulmonary tuberculosis the availability of isoniazid for accidental or deliberate self harm is increased. Parenteral pyridoxine should be readily available in emergency facilities that serve communities in which isoniazid overdosage is likely.
PB - Elsevier PY - 1997 SN - 9780444825322/0378-6080 SP - 277 EP - 279 T2 - Side Effects of Drugs Annual TI - Drugs used in tuberculosis and leprosy ER -