TY - JOUR
KW - Immunodiagnosis
KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis
KW - Tuberculosis
KW - Vaccines
AU - Mirlekar B
AU - Pathak S
AU - Pathade G
AB - Tuberculosis is a major health problem throughout the world causing large number of deaths, more than that
from any other single infectious disease. Estimates till date ascertain the fact that Tuberculosis (TB) is
continuing to be the leading cause of death worldwide. The infection from single infectious agent
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is killing about 3 million individuals every year and accounts for around 18.5% of
all deaths in adults between the age group of 15 and 65. An average of 1.79 billion people, which constitutes
roughly one-third of the world's population, is infected with the causative agent M. tuberculosis and is at risk
of developing the disease. This situation highlights the relative shortcomings of the current treatment and
diagnosis strategies for TB and the limited effectiveness of public health systems, particularly in resourcepoor
countries where the main TB burden lies. The timely identification of persons infected with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rapid laboratory confirmation of tuberculosis are two key factors for the
treatment and prevention of the disease. Novel molecular assays for diagnosis and drug susceptibility testing
offer several potential advantages over the above methods including faster turnaround times, very sensitive
and specific detection of nucleic acids, and minimal, or possibly no, prior culture. The need for new
technologies for rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis is clear. Most studies of mycobacterial immunity attributes
focus on proliferation of T cells, production of cytokines and cytolytic activity. A proper vaccine for
tuberculosis can be developed by using a combination of antigens and adjuvants capable of inducing
appropriate and long-lasting T cell immunity. Development of new vaccines against TB should include some
important aspects learned from BCG use such as mucosal routes of immunization; revaccination of BCG
immunized subjects, booster immunization and prime-boost strategy with wild-type BCG, and other vaccine
candidates. Here, we review current and future strategies toward the rational design of novel vaccines against
TB, as well as the progress made thus far, and the hurdles that need to be overcome in the near and distant
future.
BT - Indian journal of leprosy
CN - MIRLEKAR 2013
IS - 2
J2 - Indian J Lepr
LA - eng
N2 - Tuberculosis is a major health problem throughout the world causing large number of deaths, more than that
from any other single infectious disease. Estimates till date ascertain the fact that Tuberculosis (TB) is
continuing to be the leading cause of death worldwide. The infection from single infectious agent
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is killing about 3 million individuals every year and accounts for around 18.5% of
all deaths in adults between the age group of 15 and 65. An average of 1.79 billion people, which constitutes
roughly one-third of the world's population, is infected with the causative agent M. tuberculosis and is at risk
of developing the disease. This situation highlights the relative shortcomings of the current treatment and
diagnosis strategies for TB and the limited effectiveness of public health systems, particularly in resourcepoor
countries where the main TB burden lies. The timely identification of persons infected with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rapid laboratory confirmation of tuberculosis are two key factors for the
treatment and prevention of the disease. Novel molecular assays for diagnosis and drug susceptibility testing
offer several potential advantages over the above methods including faster turnaround times, very sensitive
and specific detection of nucleic acids, and minimal, or possibly no, prior culture. The need for new
technologies for rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis is clear. Most studies of mycobacterial immunity attributes
focus on proliferation of T cells, production of cytokines and cytolytic activity. A proper vaccine for
tuberculosis can be developed by using a combination of antigens and adjuvants capable of inducing
appropriate and long-lasting T cell immunity. Development of new vaccines against TB should include some
important aspects learned from BCG use such as mucosal routes of immunization; revaccination of BCG
immunized subjects, booster immunization and prime-boost strategy with wild-type BCG, and other vaccine
candidates. Here, we review current and future strategies toward the rational design of novel vaccines against
TB, as well as the progress made thus far, and the hurdles that need to be overcome in the near and distant
future.
PY - 2013
SP - 65
EP - 78
T2 - Indian journal of leprosy
TI - Mycobacterium tuberculosis: approach to development of improved strategies for disease control through vaccination and immunodiagnosis
UR - http://www.ijl.org.in/2013/2%20Milekar%20et%20al%20(65-78).pdf
VL - 85
ER -