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A Comparison Between Cutaneous Tuberculosis And Leprosy

Abstract

Cutaneous tuberculosis represents a small percent of total extrapulmonary

TB forms, caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Skin tuberculosis can be also highly variable in its clinical

appearance, significance, and prognosis. The form of the disease

depends on the virulence of the strain, the immune status of the

host, the portal of entry, the mode of internal spread, and the

adequacy of initial treatment. Lesions in the skin often represent

hematogenously or lymphatically dispersed disease from internal

foci of infection. Scrofuloderma and lupus vulgaris are much more

common and are seen in patients who are less immunosuppressed

and tuberculosis verrucosa cutis is highly seen in

patients who are immunocompetent. Leprosy (also known as

Hansen’s Disease) is a chronic, infectious disease involving

primarily the nerves and secondary the skin, mucosa and the eyes

of infected individuals. Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium

leprae. Although this disease is curable since 1948, according to

WHO in 2013 there were registered 213.000 new cases of leprosy.

Considering the results of skin tests (biopsies, and secretions

tests) leprosy can be classified as: paucibacillary - few or absent

bacilli (tuberculoid leprosy, and borderline tuberculoid leprosy)

and multibacillary - numerous bacilli (lepromatous leprosy,

borderline lepromatous leprosy and borderline leprosy). Corroborating

clinical data with specific laboratory tests and biopsies of

the affected skin and nerves we establish the diagnosis and form

of these diseases; the tuberculin test has as correspondent

lepromin test. The treatment of cutaneous tuberculosis in most

cases is the same as for pulmonary tuberculosis. Early treatment

for leprosy prevents disabilities and scaring.

 

 

 

Translated Abstract

La tuberculose cutanee avec le principal agent pathogene Mycobacterium

tuberculosis represente un tres petit pourcent de la

tuberculose extra-respiratoire totale. TB cutanee est extremement

variable, du point de vue de la signification clinique et pronostique.

Le polymorphisme de la lesion depend de la virulence du bacille,

le statut immunitaire de l'hote, le lieu de passage vers le corps et

comment diffuser et mener l’efficacite du traitement initial. Les

lesions cutanees se produisent habituellement par diffusion

lymphatique ou hematogene d'une epidemie existante. Parmi les

formes de tuberculose cutanee et le lupus vulgaris scrofuloderme

l'on trouve couramment chez les patients immunodeprimes et

la tuberculose verruqueuse est plus frequente chez ceux

presentant une bonne immunite. La lepre (maladie de Hansen), les

maladies infectieuses, granulomatose chronique affecte les nerfs

peripheriques et les structures tissulaires superficielle primaires et

secondaires tels que la peau, les muqueuses et les yeux. L'agent

etiologique est Mycobacterium leprae. Bien que la maladie a ete

declaree curable depuis 1948 selon l'OMS 2013 il y avait 213 000

nouveaux cas. Les resultats de tests cutanes (secretions HP et

tests) peuvent classer la lepre dans: paucibacillaire - bacilles peu ou

absents (la lepre tuberculeuse, la tuberculose et la lepre borderline)

et multibacillaire - de nombreux bacilles (lepre lepromateuse, la

lepre lepromateuse borderline et la lepre borderline. Le traitement

de la tuberculose cutanee dans la plupart des cas est identique a

celui de la tuberculose et de la lepre pulmonaire; initie au debut de

l’handicap il empeche la deformation des cicatrices.

 

 

 

More information

Type
Journal Article
Author
Niåu M
Olteanu M
Cãlãraæu C
Olteanu M
Vasiliu R
Streba C
Postolache P
Golli AL
Pop C
Nemeæ RM