A Contemporary Cross-Sectional Study on Oral Manifestations of Leprosy

Introduction: Leprosy, originating from the Greek word “lepi,” meaning scales similar to those on a fish, is also commonly known as Hansen’s disease (HD). It was first recorded in ancient Indian texts from the 6th century BC. This disease, caused by the bacteria M. leprae and M. lepromatosis, has persisted over time. The oral mucosa, including areas such as the tongue, lips, soft palate, and uvula, is often affected.

Aim: This contemporary cross-sectional study aims to analyse the oral manifestations of patients with leprosy.

Materials and Method: The study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Rajiv Gandhi Government Medical College Chennai. Personal and medical histories, along with the findings from oral examinations and investigations, were documented using a proforma specifically designed for this study.

Results: The study included 100 leprosy patients, comprising 66 males and 34 females, aged between 10 and 83 years. Among them, 20% had chronic generalised periodontitis, 16% exhibited papillae atrophy, and 15% experienced loss of taste sensation. Additionally, 12% reported aphthous ulcers and candidiasis each. Moreover, 13% presented with depigmentation, 7% had a fissured tongue, and 5% showed symptoms of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF).

Conclusion: Oral lesions associated with leprosy are nonspecific and often overlooked or misdiagnosed by clinicians. The role of dental professionals, especially oral medicine specialists, is crucial in the early diagnosis of these oral lesions. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of this chronic infection is essential for providing the highest standard of healthcare.